@STYLE(size=9, spacing=1, fontfamily=TimesRoman, topmargin=0.6in,
bottommargin=0.6in, leftmargin=1in)
@make(tec)


@begin(text, columns=2, columnmargin=0.2in, boxed)
@begin(center, size=+3, below 2)
@bf[中文] Scribe (ChScribe) @bf[简介]

王景白, Ph.D., University of Pittsurgh
@end(center)

@begin(description, leftmargin=+5, indent=-5)
@bf[何]@bf[必]: @\一提中文 Scribe 有人不免问: 何必? 不是有中文的 WordStar@foot[
一种历史悠久而简陋的英文文字处理器的翻版]吗? 而且 WordStar 属于 WYSIWYG (
what you see is what you get) 类型, 岂不比指令繁琐的 Scribe@foot{Scribe
 为美国 卡内几-梅隆
大学一博士生 Brian Reid 所创, 在 @tex 流行前曾风靡一时.}
 强 ? 其实不然,
现代排版中有许多问题是 WYSIWYG 类型文字处理器所力不能及的, 如变宽字体 
( proportional fonts ) 和数学公式, 就是目前最受人接受的 Microsoft Word@foot[
另一种较新的 WYSIWYG 型软件]也加进了 Scribe或 @tex@foot{@tex 
为 Stanford 大学 Donald Knuth 所创, 数学公式编辑能力特强而出名, 而且免费供用, 故应用非常之广.} 类指令.

@bf[如]@bf[何]:@\有人又会说: 那简单, 中文字个个一样宽, 写个短程序处理处理就行
了.  其实更不然, 现代中文文章中多插有英文和数学. 那末只好编个中文/英文 Scribe? 那太费时和事了. 我的办法是利用广为人使用的英文 Scribe, 另加个中文前置与后置处理器. 这样既省了时间, 又免得用户再学一处理系统.


@bf[原]@bf[文]@bf[件]@bf[输]@bf[入]:@#Scribe 需先输入
原文件 (manuscript), 如何将中文和英文一并输入? 本版本 ChScribe 允许用户使用任何与 CCDOS ( IBM 兼容机用的中文操作系统 ) 同样输出标准 (国标) 的中英文编辑器 
( 如中文 WordStar 和 Byx) 来输入原文, 如用的是 Macintosh 个人微机软件, 则需用
所配有的处理器处理一遍才能使用. 原文件 (manuscript) 中可用 Scribe 原有的所有
指令, 而无需其他特有指令.

@bf[处]@bf[理]: @\原文件 (manuscript) 写好后即可用 ChScribe 作预处理.
ChScribe 将产生另一英文 Scribe 能认识的文件, 并同时产生中文字体定义 header file.
 接着便可由 Scribe 将其变为 
@pslogo 文件后, 再将 ChScribe 
产生的中文字体定义 header file 加在前头, 
便可直接打印. 这过程看来十分
复杂, 其实 ChScribe 已将此三步变为一步,  即,@*
%chscribe myfile@*
出来的便是 myfile.ps.
@end(description)

@\@ux[原理简介:]

ChScribe 利用 Scribe 的特点, 将原文件 (manuscript) 中所用的@ux[不同]中文字
分成几组由 218 字母组成的 font groups, 并用一个 RawFont ( Scribe 字尺 )
文件来定义各字母的尺寸. 对 Scribe 而言, 只要 RawFont 文件有定义的字, 它一概放
行. 至于哪个是中文字哪个是英文字, 那就靠 ChScribe 来判断了. 
ChScribe 目前用了一个具有约 7000 字的 24 x 24 点阵简体字字库, 以@ux[通讯
用汉字字符集(基本集)国家标准(GB2312-80)]为母本.

@\@ux[附加功能:] 传统中文用到@begin(transparent,slant=10)横竖@end(transparent)
两种排版方式, ChScribe 都兼顾到了.
@newcolumn()
@begin(center, size=+3, below 2)

A Brief Introduction to ChScribe

Jingbai Wang, Ph.D., University of Pittsurgh
@end(center)

@begin(description, leftmargin=+8, indent=-8)
@b[Why]:@\Why ChScribe? Aren't the existing programs like Chinese
WordStar that belongs to the category of WYSIWYG (what you see is what
you get) better than the complicated command-driven Scribe@foot[a computer typesetter
created by a CMU Ph.D. student, Brian Reid. It was quite popular before
@tex flooded machines.]?
Actually, nowadays many typesetting problems can't be solved successfully
by WYSIWYG-type systems, such as proportional fonts and math. Even the today's most acceptable WYSIWYG
Microsoft Word has to use some Scribe and @tex@foot[A very popular
document formatter designed by Dr. Donald Knuth from Stanford University. It
is very good at mathematics.] type commands. 

@b[How]:@\Someone would say: that's simple! All Chinese characters have
the same width; we just need to design a simple processor to deal with
it. However, most of the concurrent Chinese articles are mixed with
English and mathematical formulae. Then, we have to design a brand-new
Chinese Scribe? But it costs too much time and effort. My solution is
to use the widely used text formatter Scribe, and design a pre-processor
and post-processor. This way, the users do not have to learn another
typesetter, and it saves us a great deal of time.

@b[Manuscript editing]:@\To use Scribe, you need to edit the manuscript file
(@i[.mss file]) first. How do you edit English and Chinese together?
This version of ChScribe allows you to use any Chinese-English editor
that uses the same output standard (GB standard) as CCDOS@foot[The Chinese
operating system for IBM compatibles.]. If you use a Macintosh software
to edit the manuscript, you have to filter it with a ChScribe built-in
program before you can use it. All the original Scribe commands can
be used, and essentially no additional commands are introduced.

@b[Processing]:@\After the manuscript file is ready, you can use ChScribe to
pre-process it. ChScribe will generate a new manuscript file that is
understandable by the standard Scribe program, and in the meantime, it
generates a font header file. Then, you can use Scribe to generate the
@pslogo file. Afterward, the header file produced by ChScribe is
prepended to this @i[.ps] file, and it is directly printable on a 
@pslogo printer.
This process seems to be tedious, but ChScribe has merged
these three steps into one, i.e., @*
%chscribe myfile @*
will give you @i[myfile.ps]
@end(description)

@newpage()
@blankspace(1)
@newcolumn()
@\@ux[Basic principles:]

ChScribe uses the features of Scribe by grouping the @ux[distinct] Chinese
characters occurred in the manuscript file into a few fonts groups of
218 characters each, and the font metrices of each character is defined
in a Scribe RawFont file. As far as Scribe is concerned, as long as
the character is defined in the RawFont file, it will let it go. As for
whether a particular character is a Chinese one or English one, it is
up to the ChScribe programme.

Currently, ChScribe uses a 24x24 bitmap font library of about 7000 characters,
and the arrangement of the characters is based on GB2312-80 specified
by the Ministry of Telecommunication of the People's Republic of China.

@\@ux[Additional features:]

Chinese documents were traditionally typeset up-to-down plus right-to-left
column-wise and later left-to-right row-wise. ChScribe supports both.

@end(text)

@newpage()
@set(footnotecounter=0)

@begin(text, columns=2, columnmargin=0.2in, boxed)
@begin(center, size=+3, below 2)
@bf[中文] @tex (Ch@tex) @bf[简介]

王景白, Ph.D., University of Pittsurgh
@end(center)
@begin(description, leftmargin=+5, indent=-5)
@bf[何]@bf[必]: @\一提中文 @tex 有人不免问: 何必? 不是有中文的 WordStar@foot[
一种历史悠久而简陋的英文文字处理器的翻版]吗? 而且 WordStar 属于 WYSIWYG (
what you see is what you get) 类型, 岂不比指令繁琐的 @tex@foot{@tex 为 Stanford 大学 Donald Knuth 所创, 数学公式编辑能力特强而出名, 而且免费供用, 故应用非常
之广.} 强 ? 其实不然,
现代排版中有许多问题是 WYSIWYG 类型文字处理器所力不能及的, 如变宽字体 
( proportional fonts ) 和数学公式, 就是目前最受人接受的 Microsoft Word@foot[
另一种较新的 WYSIWYG 型软件]也加进了 Scribe@foot{Scribe 为美国 卡内几-梅隆
大学一博士生 Brian Reid 所创, 在 @tex 流行前曾风靡一时.}或 @tex 类指令.

@bf[如]@bf[何]:@\有人又会说: 那简单, 中文字个个一样宽, 写个短程幸处理处理就行
了.  其实更不然, 现代中文文章中多插有英文和数学. 那末只好编个中文/英文 @tex ?
 那太费时和事了. 我的办法是利用广为人使用的英文 @tex, 另加个中文前置与后置处理
器. 这样既省了时间, 又免得用户再学一处理系统.


@bf[原]@bf[文]@bf[件]@bf[输]@bf[入]:@#@tex 需先输入
原文件 (manuscript), 如何将中文和英文一并输入? 本版本 Ch@tex 允许用户使用任何
与 CCDOS ( IBM 兼容机用的中文操作系统 ) 同样输出标准 (国标) 的中英文编辑器 
( 如中文 WordStar 和 Byx) 来输入原文, 如用的是 Macintosh 个人微机软件, 则需用
所配有的处理器处理一遍才能使用. 原文件 (manuscript) 中可用 @tex 原有的所有
指令, 而无需其他特有指令.

@bf[处]@bf[理]: @\原文件 (manuscript) 写好后即可用 Ch@tex 作预处理.
Ch@tex 将产生另一英文 @tex 能认识的文件, 并同时产生中文字体定义 header file.
 接着便可由 @tex 将其变为 dvi (device independent) 文件. 最后用 dvi2ps
@pslogo 打印驱动器翻译成 @pslogo 文件后, 便可直接打印. 这过程看来十分
复杂, 但若用 UNIX 的管道 (pipe lining) 功能, 一句指令便能解决问题, 即,@*
%chtex myfile|tex|dvi2ps|lpr -Fps
@end(description)

@\@ux[原理简介:]

Ch@tex 利用 @tex 的特点, 将原文件 (manuscript) 中所用的@ux[不同]中文字
分成几组由 218 字母组成的 font groups, 并用一系列 TFM ( @tex font metric ),
文件来定义各字母的尺寸. 对 @tex 而言, 只要 TFM 文件有定义的字, 它一概放
行. 至于哪个是中文字哪个是英文字, 那就靠 Ch@tex 和 dvi2ps 来合作了. 
Ch@tex 目前用了一个具有约 7000 字的 24 x 24 点阵简体字字库, 以@ux[通讯
用汉字字符集(基本集)国家标准(GB2312-80)]为母本.

@\@ux[附加功能:] 传统中文用到@begin(transparent,slant=10)横竖@end(transparent)
两种排版方式, Ch@tex 都兼顾到了.
@newcolumn()
@begin(center, size=+3, below 2)
A Brief Introduction to Ch@tex

Jingbai Wang , Ph.D., University of Pittsurgh
@end(center)

@begin(description, leftmargin=+8, indent=-8)
@b[Why]:@\Why Ch@tex? Aren't the existing programs like Chinese
WordStar that belongs to the category of WYSIWYG (what you see is what
you get) better than the complicated command-driven @tex@foot[A very popular
document formatter designed by Dr. Donald Knuth from Stanford University. It
is very good at mathematics.]?
Actually, nowadays many typesetting problems can't be solved successfully
by WYSIWYG-type systems, such as proportional fonts and math. Even the today's most acceptable WYSIWYG
Microsoft Word has to use some Scribe@foot[a computer typesetter
created by a CMU Ph.D. student, Brian Reid. It was quite popular before
@tex flooded machines.] and @tex type commands. 

@b[How]:@\Someone would say: that's simple! All Chinese characters have
the same width; we just need to design a simple processor to deal with
it. However, most of the concurrent Chinese articles are mixed with
English and mathematical formulae. Then, we have to design a brand-new
Chinese @tex? But it costs too much time and effort. My solution is
to use the widely accepted text formatter @tex, and design a pre-processor
and post-processor. This way, the users do not have to learn another
typesetter, and it saves us a great deal of time.

@b[Manuscript editing]:@\To use @tex, you need to edit the manuscript file
(@i[.tex file]) first. How do you edit English and Chinese together?
This version of Ch@tex allows you to use any Chinese-English editor
that uses the same output standard (GB standard) as CCDOS@foot[The Chinese
operating system for IBM compatibles.]. If you use a Macintosh software
to edit the manuscript, you have to filter it with a Ch@tex built-in
program before you can use it. All the original @tex commands can
be used, and essentially no additional commands are introduced.

@b[Processing]:@\After the manuscript file is ready, you can use Ch@tex to
pre-process it. Ch@tex will generate a new manuscript file that is
understandable by the standard @tex program, and in the meantime, it
generates a font header file. Then, you can use @tex to generate the
@i[dvi] (device independent file). Afterward, dvi2ps is used to produce
a @pslogo file that is directly printable on a @pslogo printer.
This process seems to be tedious, but if you use UNIX pipe lining 
feature, one line command will do it, i.e.,@*
%chtex myfile | tex | dvi2ps | lpr -Fps
@end(description)

@newpage()
@blankspace(1)
@newcolumn()
@\@ux[Basic principles:]

Ch@tex uses the features of @tex by grouping the @ux[distinct] Chinese
characters occurred in the manuscript file into a few fonts groups of
218 characters each, and the font metrices of each character is defined
in a few TFM (@tex font metric) files. As far as @tex is concerned, as long as
the character is defined in the TFM file, it will let it go. As for
whether a particular character is a Chinese one or English one, it
depends on the cooperation between Ch@tex and dvi2ps programs.

Currently, Ch@tex uses a 24x24 bitmap font library of about 7000 characters,
and the arrangement of the characters is based on GB2312-80 specified
by the Ministry of Telecommunication of the People's Republic of China.

@\@ux[Additional features:]

Chinese documents were traditionally typeset up-to-down plus right-to-left
column-wise and later left-to-right row-wise. Ch@tex supports both.

@end(text)
