STRERROR(3)

STRERROR(3) | Library Functions Manual | STRERROR(3)

# NAME

perror, strerror, strerror_r, sys_errlist, sys_nerr — system error messages

# LIBRARY

Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

# SYNOPSIS

#include <stdio.h>
void
perror(const char *string);
#include <errno.h>
extern const char * const sys_errlist[];
extern const int sys_nerr;
#include <string.h>
char *
strerror(int errnum);
int
strerror_r(int errnum, char *strerrbuf, size_t buflen);

# DESCRIPTION

The strerror(), strerror_r(), and perror() functions look up the language-dependent error message string corresponding to an error number.
The strerror() function accepts an error number argument errnum and returns a pointer to the corresponding message string.
The strerror_r() function renders the same result into strerrbuf for a maximum of buflen characters and returns 0 upon success.
The perror() function finds the error message corresponding to the current value of the global variable errno (intro(2)) and writes it, followed by a newline, to the standard error file descriptor. If the argument string is non-`NULL` and does not point to the nul character, this string is prepended to the message string and separated from it by a colon and space (“`:` ”); otherwise, only the error message string is printed. Note that in most cases the err(3) and warn(3) family of functions is preferable to perror(); they are more flexible and also print the program name.
If the error number is not recognized, these functions pass an error message string containing “`Unknown error:` ” followed by the error number in decimal. To warn about this, strerror() sets `errno` to `EINVAL`, and strerror_r() returns `EINVAL`. Error numbers recognized by this implementation fall in the range 0 < errnum < sys_nerr.
If insufficient storage is provided in strerrbuf (as specified in buflen) to contain the error string, strerror_r() returns `ERANGE` and strerrbuf will contain an error message that has been truncated and `NUL` terminated to fit the length specified by buflen.
The message strings can be accessed directly using the external array sys_errlist. The external value sys_nerr contains a count of the messages in sys_errlist. The use of these variables is deprecated; strerror() or strerror_r() should be used instead.

# SEE ALSO

intro(2), err(3), psignal(3), warn(3)

# STANDARDS

The perror() and strerror() functions conform to ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (“ISO C99”). The strerror_r() function conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (“POSIX.1”).

# HISTORY

The perror() function first appeared in Version 4 AT&T UNIX. The strerror() function first appeared in 4.3BSD-Reno. The strerror_r() function first appeared in NetBSD 4.0.

# BUGS

For unknown error numbers, the strerror() function will return its result in a static buffer which may be overwritten by subsequent calls.
The return type for strerror() is missing a type-qualifier; it should actually be const char *.
Programs that use the deprecated sys_errlist variable often fail to compile because they declare it inconsistently.

May 9, 2015 | NetBSD 8.3